SEO Introduction, Basics and Tutorial

What is SEO ?

"Search engine optimisation is practice of getting quality organic traffic to  website.Organic traffic refers to natural search results without spending or advertising in google."

What are important factors?

These are the important factors to be considered which plays important role for SEO of your online business.

SEO goals : Defining your SEO goals and what actually you require is important.It includes branding, sales and selling of your online services.

Niche : Throughout knowledge of topic in which your you are interested and providing services.

Country targeted : Here entire strategy changes as if you are willing to provide your services locally i.e. in your area or city then it requires less effort than it require to rank a project on internationally level.

How it works ?

It comprises of On Page and Off Page optimisation.

Off page optimisation includes:

Keyword Planning

Social bookmarking 

Directory submission 

Local listing

Content Marketing

Blog commenting( Google hates it but it's one of the strategy)

Forum posting

Question Answer submission

Competitor analysis

Rapport management

On Page optimisation includes :

Title tag

Meta tags 

Keywords optimisation

Description and URL optimisation

Additionally important parts:
Social media marketing i.e. generating traffic from social networks.
Search engine marketing 

Where problem arises?

Duplicate Content
Bad URL optimisation
Irregular Title, 
Heading,Meta tags, 
Meta description optimisation
Irrelevant keyword optimisation
Bad Image optimisation

What your business mainly requires in SEO:

Link building from off page optimisation techniques.

Optimisation of pages, url and content from on page optimisation techniques.
High domain authority website links to your site.

For e.g. It's like when you hear instance from a less trusted person the chances to believe him was low. Same happens with google, domain authority is google's trust.Google prefer websites who are linked with high domain authority sites. 

Alexa ranking will tell you about ranking.